Science

Future of Low Power Solution

Low Power Solution: In modern times consumer preferences for more functionality, as well as lower prices, puts too much pressure on System-on-Chip vendors. Constant advancements in processing technologies and the capacity to create very sophisticated SoCs are not free. As a result, the next iteration of procedures will undoubtedly bring with it a new set of issues.

Power consumption is by far the most crucial restriction for today’s integrated circuit (IC) architecture, as System-on-Chip sophistication has increased. As a result, much effort goes into designing for minimal power consumption by setting power system target.

Along with functionality, operating frequency, and die size, energy consumption has become a fundamental design restraint. Only through developing at all abstraction levels, from design and architecture to intellectual property (IP) component selection and physical design, can lower energy be attained.

At various stages of the structure, emission reduction strategies can be used. Manufacturers should choose elements that take advantage of the most recent advances in low-power technologies. Implementing the proper decisions early in the design and structural granularity can result in the most efficient energy reductions.

It is critical to preserve power through deliberate design of the operating system and application applications, in addition to implementing strength hardware design approaches.

Design Abstraction Levels

Power minimization may be achieved at several stages of architectural abstraction, including system, structural, gate, circuits, and technologies. Inactivated modules can be switched off at the design stage to conserve energy. Parallel hardware can be employed at the architectural level to minimize global connection and lower supply voltage without affecting transmission rate.

At the gate level, technique is often utilized. At the circuit level, a range of design strategies may be utilized to decrease both dynamic and static power. Designers have several options at various levels of abstraction for particular design requirements. The designers must choose an algorithms, structure, and different factors such as voltage level and operating frequency according on specific design limitations (including such energy, efficiency, and pricing). This multi-dimensional design phase allows for a variety of trade-offs.

Because the greatest levels of abstractions have the biggest influence on design parameters, the most successful design decisions come from selecting and optimizing architecture and techniques at those tiers. Because technical details could only be adequately described or predicted at the technical level, it becomes difficult to foresee the effects and efficacy of design decisions made at multiple levels of abstraction. As a result, IP elements like integrated memory and logic libraries that provide flexibility in deciding multiple layout and power-saving strategies are critical.

Alternative Approaches

Using an asynchronous design approach is an alternate strategy to minimize unnecessary effort. CMOS is an excellent low-power technique because gates only lose energy when they shift. Many gates, on the other hand, switch since they are linked to the clock, even if they’re not processing fresh inputs. As a consequence, when certain functional components are not used, a synchronized circuit loses power.

The clock controller is the biggest gate, as it must deliver a clock signal equally to all portions of a circuit and switch continuously to give the timing standard, even if only a tiny portion of the chip is usable. Asynchronous circuits, on the other hand, are intrinsically dynamic and are only operational when conducting valuable work. Asynchronous circuit components that accept less data operate at a lower average frequency by default. Asynchronous circuits are bigger than synchronous circuits because synchronization of the design necessitates more circuitry.

Installation of reversible logic or adiabatic logic is a developing newer technique which is still in the initial stages of commercial application. The essential assumption of logic functions is to save energy by not destroying data. Every time a logic operation is done, a piece of information is wiped in traditional logic systems. The new method, which employs reversible logic processes that do not delete data, may disperse an infinite amount of heat.

Automatic transistor scaling is now possible with modern location and route technologies. For both efficiency and energy consumption objectives, optimum gate size is critical. Larger transistors have the higher driving capacity, which enhances circuit performance. Because the ups and downs periods are shorter, the short-circuit power is likewise reduced. Oversized transistors, on the other hand, waste both dynamic and static power. As a result, a logic package with a wide variety of output drive intensities is required.

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Science

NASA Switches Off Instrument On Voyager 2 Spacecraft To Save Power

NEW YORK — To save power, NASA turned off another scientific equipment on its long-running Voyager 2 spacecraft.

NASA Switches Off Instrument On the Spacecraft To Save Power

The space agency announced on Tuesday that 2’s plasma science instrument, meant to study the movement of charged atoms, was turned off in late September to allow the spacecraft to continue exploring for as long as possible, which is estimated to be into the 2030s.

NASA turned off a suite of instruments on Voyager 2 and its twin, Voyager 1, after exploring the gas giant planets in the 1980s. Both are currently in interstellar space or the region between stars. The plasma instrument on Voyager 1 stopped working years ago and was finally shut off in 2007.

The remaining four instruments on 2 will continue to collect data on magnetic fields and particles. Its mission is to investigate the regions of space beyond the sun’s protective sphere.

NASA Switches Off Instrument On Voyager 2 Spacecraft To Save Power

It launched in 1977, is the only spacecraft to have visited Uranus and Neptune. It is now more than 12 billion miles (19.31 billion kilometers) from Earth. 1 is more than 15 billion miles (24.14 billion kilometers) beyond Earth.

SOURCE | AP

Science

Hurricane Kirk Could Cause Dangerous Surf Conditions Along The US East Coast

MIAMI — Hurricane Kirk’s waves could generate life-threatening surf and rip current conditions this weekend throughout the United States East Coast, as well as in Bermuda, the Greater Antilles, and the Bahamas, according to forecasters.

Kirk was a Category 3 hurricane in the middle Atlantic Ocean that might grow further but was predicted to stay away from land, according to the Miami-based National Hurricane Center on Thursday.

Hurricane Kirk Could Cause Dangerous Surf Conditions Along The US East Coast

Kirk-generated swells were forecast to reach parts of the Leeward Islands on Friday, Bermuda and the Greater Antilles on Saturday, and the East Coast and the Bahamas on Sunday, according to the center.

No coastal watches or warnings were in effect. The major storm was around 1,130 miles (1,820 kilometers) east of the Leeward Islands, with maximum sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h).

Meanwhile, Tropical Storm Leslie formed late Wednesday in the eastern Atlantic and is expected to strengthen into a hurricane in the following days, forecasters said. It was also not considered a threat to the land.

Hurricane Kirk Could Cause Dangerous Surf Conditions Along The US East Coast

The storm was about 540 miles (870 kilometers) southwest of Cabo Verde’s southernmost tip, with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 kph), according to the center.

The storms raged in the Atlantic as rescuers in the United States Southeast sought for missing persons after Hurricane Helene struck last week, leaving a trail of death and devastation.

SOURCE | AP

Science

NASA Sends First Manned Starliner Spacecraft to Space Station

Astronauts on Starliner: NASA Image

NASA has announced astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams are safely in orbit on the first crewed flight test of Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft heading for the International Space Station.

As part of NASA’s Boeing Crew Flight Test, the astronauts launched a ULA (United Launch Alliance) Atlas V rocket from Space Launch Complex-41 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida at 10:52 a.m. EDT Wednesday for an end-to-end test of the Starliner system.

“Two brave NASA astronauts are well on their way to this historic first test flight of a brand-new spacecraft,” stated NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. “Boeing’s Starliner represents a new era of American exploration. Human spaceflight is a risky endeavor, but it is worth it. It is an exciting time for NASA, our commercial partners, and the future of space exploration. “Go Starliner, Butch, and Suni!”

The flight test is part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program and will help validate the transportation system, launch pad, rocket, spacecraft, in-orbit operations capabilities, and return to Earth with astronauts aboard as the agency prepares to certify Starliner for rotational missions to the space station. Starliner has already completed two uncrewed orbital missions, including a test to and from the space station, as well as a pad abort demonstration.

Starliner Make Orbit: NASA Image

Boeing Starliner Makes Orbit

“With Starliner’s launch, separation from the rocket, and arrival in orbit, Boeing’s Crew Flight Test is right on track,” said Mark Nappi, vice president and program manager for Boeing’s Commercial Crew Program. “Everyone is focused on giving Suni and Butch a safe, comfortable, ride and performing a successful test mission from start to finish.”

Boeing’s mission control center in Houston will supervise a sequence of autonomous spacecraft maneuvers while Starliner is in flight. NASA teams will supervise space station activities from the Mission Control Center at the agency’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.

“Flying crew on Starliner represents over a decade of work by the Commercial Crew Program and our partners at Boeing and ULA,” said Steve Stich, Commercial Crew Program Manager at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. “For many of us, this is a career-defining occasion, ushering in a new crew transportation capacity for our agency and our country. We will take it one step at a time, putting Starliner through its paces and remaining watchful until Butch and Suni safely land back on Earth at the end of this test journey.”

At about 12:15 p.m., Starliner will dock autonomously to the forward-facing port of the station’s Harmony module. Thursday, June 6, and will remain at the orbital laboratory for almost a week.

Wilmore and Williams will help ensure that the spacecraft is functioning properly by testing the environmental control system, the displays and control system, and moving the thrusters, among other things, during flight.

Wilmore and Williams will join the Expedition 71 crew, which includes NASA astronauts Michael Barratt, Matt Dominick, Tracy C. Dyson, and Jeanette Epps, as well as Roscosmos cosmonauts Nikolai Chub, Alexander Grebenkin, and Oleg Kononenko.

NASA’s arrival and in-flight event coverage is as follows (all times Eastern and subject to change depending on real-time operations):

NASA Television channels will continue to broadcast the Starliner’s mission.

Thursday, June 6
9:30 a.m. – Arrival coverage begins on NASA+, the NASA app, and YouTube, and continues on NASA Television and the agency’s website.

12:15 p.m. – Targeted docking

2 p.m. – Hatch opening

2:20 p.m. – Welcome remarks

3:30 p.m. – Post-docking news conference at NASA Johnson with the following participants:

NASA Associate Administrator Jim Free
Steve Stich, manager, NASA’s Commercial Crew Program
Jeff Arend, manager for systems engineering and integration, NASA’s International Space Station Office
Mark Nappi, vice president and program manager, Commercial Crew Program, Boeing

Coverage of the post-docking news conference will air live on NASA+, NASA Television, the NASA app, YouTube, and the agency’s website.

To attend the post-docking briefing, U.S. media must contact the NASA Johnson newsroom at: [email protected] or 281-483-5111 by 1 p.m. Thursday, June 6. To join by phone, media must contact the NASA Johnson newsroom by 3 p.m. Thursday, June 6.

5:50 p.m. – NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy, Associate Administrator Jim Free, Associate Administrator for Space Operations Ken Bowersox, and Johnson Space Center Director Vanessa Wyche will speak with Wilmore and Williams about their launch aboard the Starliner spacecraft.

Coverage of the Earth to space call will air live on NASA+, NASA Television, the NASA app, YouTube, and the agency’s website.

Saturday, June 8

8:50 a.m. – NASA astronauts Wilmore and Williams will provide a tour of Starliner.

Coverage of the in-orbit event will stream live on NASA+, NASA Television, the NASA app, YouTube, and the agency’s website.

Monday, June 10

11 a.m. – Williams will speak to students from Sunita L. Williams Elementary School in Needham, Massachusetts, in an event aboard the space station.

Coverage of the Earth to space call will air live on NASA+, NASA Television, the NASA app, YouTube, and the agency’s website.

Tuesday, June 11

3:15 p.m. – Wilmore will speak to students from Tennessee Tech University in an event aboard the space station.

Coverage of the Earth to space call will air live on NASA+, NASA Television, the NASA app, YouTube, and the agency’s website.